Dynamo-electric machine.



110. 857,132. 7 PATENTBD JUNE 18, 1907. J. R. WESZELINOVITS.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 14.1906.

4 sums-sum 2.

J. R. WESZELINOVITS.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MAGHINE.

APPLIUATIOH FILED JULY 14. 1908.

flf/ 4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

No. 857,132. PATENTED JUNE 18; 1907. J. R. WESZELINOVITS.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MAGHINE.

APPLIUATIOI FILED JULY14,1906.

4 BHEETB- -BHEET 4'.

-' 'JOSEPII R."WESZEIJINOVITS,"OF'CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

- "D'YNAMO ELECTRIO MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 18 1907.

Applicatlonflled- July 14,1906. Saris-1N0. 826,212.

ment in Dynamo-Electric Machines, of which,

the following is a specification.

My invention relates to dynamo electric machines especially constantpotential, com-- pound wound current generators, and. the object of theinvention is to provide a constant potential machine which may beoperated at a reduced speed when the demands upon it are lessened.

The invention also relates to motors, and the object of the invention inthis connection is to provide a motor in which the speed will remainconstant or, if desired, increase with increased load. v

I obtain my object by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings in which:

Figure 1 is a view partaking of the nature ofiboth a diagrammatic and aphysical representation of a bi olar dynamo embodying my invention. heole pieces and commutators are physical y represented, but it will beunderstood that the armature coils are spread out circumferentially overa much greater distance than they would be in an actual machine. Inpractice they are much more condensed so that both the main andauxiliary coils may simultaneously occupy practically the same (positionin the magnetic field. Figs. 2 an 3 are purely diagrammatic viewsshowing the arrangement of the windings and the connections to the com-.

mutators and to the exterior circuit. Fig. 3 shows in full lines thepath of the current generated by the main coils of the armature whilethemaohine is running at full speed. In Fig. 2 the machine is running ata somewhat reduced speed. In Figs. 2 and ,3 a hand regulator 1s shown asit better illustratesthe theory of operation. Fig. 4 is a centralsectional elevation of a dynamo illustrating the invention. Fig. v5 isan end elevation of a portion of the machine indicating the constructionof the 're ulator. Fig. 6 is a fragmentary section ta 'en on line 66Fig. 5. Fi 7. shows a modified form of regulator adapted 'for amultipolar machine. Fig. 8is an end view of an armature and regulatordesigned for use in a motor embodying my invention. Fig. 9 1s adiagrammatic view of the connections employed in such motor.

'Similar numerals and letters refer to similar parts throughout theseveral views.

8, 9, represent the poles or held magnets of a two pole generator, a twopole machine being here selected because of its simplicity ofconstruction and the fact that it may be more easily described. ,It willbe understood, however, that in practice the machines are ordinarilymultipolar; The said magnets are mounted upon any suitable frame 10which supports the armature shaft 11 which may be driven by means ofpulley 12 or otherwise.

The armature which is designated in general in Fig. 4 by the numeral 13is constructed upon the theory illustrated dia grammatically in Figs. 1to 3 inclusive. Said armature comprises the two main coils designatedgenerally by the letters a and l), and a corresponding number ofauxiliary coils designated generally by the letters 0 and 11.

Referring first to Fig. 1, the end a of coil a is connected to the lussegment a of the main commutator, w iile the enda of said coil isconnected to the end (1' of the auxiliary coil d. Coils a and d are, inreality, continuous, being wound in the same direction, so that one willassist the other in the induction of current. It will be nderstood thatin practice coils a and (i will be wound close together or will even besuperimposed one upon the other, so that they may extend over a small sace circumferential ly in the armature, am therefore occupy, at anygiven moment, practically the same portion of the magnetic held. Inpractice, also, it is desirable that the coil a consist of hea wire andthat the auxiliary coil d consist of heavy wire at the end d and finewire at the 0 pcsite end d. The coils between the cm s d and d should hegraduated so that the change from the heavy wire atthe end d to. lightwire at the end (1 will be gradual. The opposite side of the armature iswound in a similar manner, the rinciplal coil 11 being connected at theend to t ment f of the main commutator, while the end I) of said coil isconnected to the end 0 of the auxiliary commutator coil 0. The other.ends 4: and d of the auxiliary commutator .coils are connectedrespectively to the positlve and negative segments 9 and h o theauxiliary commutator.

In the armature there are two rows of con- 0 negative segtact-pointswhich are designated in general by thereference letters 'i and jas-shown in Figs. 1, 4 and 6. The contact-point 'i at one end of the row'1'. is connected to the coil (1, at the point of union with coil a,while the contact-point i 'at'the other end of said row is connected tothe end turn (1 of the auxiliary coil d. The contact-points between theends '5 and i of the row are connected to intermediate turns of theauxiliary coil (1. In a similarmanner the contactoint j at one end ofthe row is connecte to the coils b 1 to themain commutator segment f hasa free extremity adapted to move over the row of contact points 'i,while on the other side of the armature a variable conductor y which hasa free extremity adapted to move over the row of contact points j, ispermanently connected to the segment e of the main commutator. The mainbrushes E and F contact'the segments e and f respectively, while thebrushes G and H contact the segments 9 and h respectively, of theauxiliary commutator. Brush E is connected through the conductor e tothe side E of theload circuit after passing through a series excitingcoil E (see Figs. 2, 3, .The other side F (Fig. 1) is connected to brushF through the conductor f. The auxiliary brushes G and H are connectedthrough the conductors gand h, res 'ectively, in series to the excitingcoil whic consists preferably of many turns of fine wire.

As above indicated, the variable extremities of conductors as and y areadapted to be moved over the rows of contact points i j, and theconstruction is such that when the -machine is running at full andnormal s eed, the movable ends of said conductors wil connect with thecontact-points t" and 7', re-

' spectively, but when the machine is running at its lowest limit, saidends will connect with the contact-points i and 7' respectively. Atintermediate s eeds, said movable ends occu y interme late ositions.From this it fol ows that when t e machine is runnin at -full speed, theauxiliary coils c and d wil be Referring more particularly to Figs. 4,and 6, a disk 14 carrying two segments. 15 is located at the side of thearmature, which is represented in general by the reference numeral 13.Arranged in a quadrant of a circle in one of said segments are thecontact points 7' above mentioned, with the contact point 7" at the endfarthest from the axis of shaft 1 1 and the point 3' at the end nearestto said shaft. In a similar manner the contact points i are arranged ina quadrant upon the other one of segments 15 A controller weight-arm 1 6is pivoted to segments 15 at lugs 17 which are ocated at the center ofthe circle of contact (points/i and j. Arms 18 are rigidly connecte witharms 16 and carry at their free extremity friction rollers 19 ada ted topress upon the washer 20 which is sli able lengthwise upon shaft 11, asshown indetail inhig.7.

A compression sprin 21 is interposed between washer 20 and t eccollar 22which is adjustable upon shaft 11 b means of the setscrew 23, orotherwise. he parts are so arranged that whenat-full speed theweightarms- 16 tend to arrange themselves at right angles to the axis ofshaft 11, they willmove to a'position where they will make contact withpoints i and j, overcoming the pressure of spring 21. When however, thespeed decreases to a minimum, said springs will overcome the centrifugalaction in arms 16, and will tend to swing them more nearly parallel withthe axis of shaft 11, so that said arms will be in contact with thepoints 'i" and j at the opposite end of the rows. The inner end of anarm 16 is designed to be connected with the conductor y (Fig. 1) and theinner end of theother arm to conductor m. In the operation of thegovernor, therefore, a high speed of rotation wilLswing arms 16 tocontactpoints 'i and j which will cut-out auxiliary coils c and d as faras the main commutator is concerned, while a reduction in speed willpermit the s ring 21 to swing the governor arms 16 in t e oppositedirection and cut in more and more turns of coils c and d in proportionas the speed decreases. In operation, to trace the pathof the'variouscurrents,'themain armature coils a and b, and

more or less of the auxiliary coils c and d are in parallel with themain commutator segments e and From the main segments the circuit is, 0course, completed through the exterior line, which in the case of agenerator is a consumption or load circuitand in the case of a motor, asupply circuit. When the machine is compound wound, as illustrated,

the circuit outside of the main brushes will also include the seriesexcitingcoil E". The path of the main including current at anintermediate s eed is indicated in hea lines in Fig. 1 an 'at full speedin heavy lines in flows through the main armature coils and more or lessof the auxiliary coils, de ending upon the speed of the machine. hecurrent generated in the auxiliary coils beyond the point ot'"connection with the variable conductors a: and y, is in the nature of anadditional current for additionally exciting coil k'. In other words,coil/c always hasan additional number of turns (in the auxiliary coils)acting to generate current for it.

1.1. will be noted that so far as the current passing through theauxiliary brushes G and 11 is concerned it always travels through theentire length of both main and auxiliary coils; Thus the number olactive turns so far as the auxiliary commutator is concerned is constantand consequently the greater the speed of the machine, the greater willbe the exciting cll'ect oi the shunt coil Ir, which derives its currentfrom the auxiliary commutator. in brief therefore, when the speed ofrotation is reduced, the numberof acting turns leadin to the maincommutator for impressing It M, F to the main line is increased, but thenumber of turns leading through the auxiliary commutator to the excitingcoil remains the same. though the increasing of the number of actingturns in circuit with the main commutatorwouldtend to increase the E MF, such E M F'does as a matter of fact remain constant by reason of thefact that the s I eed of rotation of the armature is decrease for it isevident that the reduction in speed not only decreases the fieldstrength but decreases the induction (owing also to decreased rotationof the main-coils) and also increasesthe internal resistance of thearmature by reason of the increased number of acting turns in circuitwith the main conmutator. A dynamo constructed upon this principle willtherefore give a constant voltage but may be run at a reduced speedwhenthe demands upon it are lessened.

Althou h in Fi s. 4, 5 and 6 a bipolar machine is il ustrater a machinehaving a 'much larger number of poles may be regulated by 'means of agovernor only slightly modified.

In Fig. 7; a suitable modified governor is shown, it having a pluralityof concentric rows k. m, n, 0, of contact oints instead of' the sing erow 9'. By emp oying four segments 15, and thus placing a }plurality ofcontact points on each, a mac ine having fifty or more auxiliarycoils-may be governed.

Now, al.

It will he understood that this invention is applicable to directcurrent motors as well as generators, and a motor embodying thisinvention is illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9. Re ferring to Fig. 9, whichshows diagrammatically the connections for a two pole motor, a and I)represent the main commutator coils, as before, c and d represent theauxiliary coils, c and f the main commutator segments, 9 and Ittheauxiliary' commutator segments, 11 and 7' the rows of contact pointsconnected to different portions of coils c and d. a: and

,y represent the variable conductors which are connected to the maincommutator segments 0 andfasbefore. The manner of connection ofthe'auxiliary coils c and d however, differs from the connection in thegenerator in that the auxiliary commutator segments 9 and h areconnected through the points if and 7' to the contact points i and y"nearest to the main coils a and b instead of to the points i and as inthe generator. The governor is so arranged that as the drag on theinotor'shaft due to increased load increasesit Will throw'conductors mand y toward ends 'i' and j of the row of contact points 'i and j, and,as the drag increases, to-

ward ends i and 7' Thus as the drag increases-the auxiliary coils c and(Z will be pro portionately cut out of circuit. With this rind ofconnections the current entering from the positive one P of the twosupply mains N and P will,pass through segment 6 and conductor y throughmore or less of coil 0 depending respectively as the load on the machinedecreases or increases. At point j the current will divide, to bereunited at point i, one path being through coil or, another throughcoil 1) and another through the auxiliary commutator segments 9 and I2and exciting coil 7c. pass through more or less of coil d, depend mgupon whether the load'upon the mac une decreases or increases. From coil(1 the current flows through conductor a: and segment f to the supplymain N'. Thus it will be seen that increasing the load (which decreasesthe number of auxiliary turns of coil in action.)

decreases the resistance in circuit with the exciting coil 1c and henceincreases the currents through it and correspondingly 1ncreases thefield. At the same time, the cutting out of the resistance increases thecurrent in the main armature coils a and b. Consequently as the loadincreases, the field strength becomes greater and also the currentconsumed inthe main coils becomes greater, thus greater tor ue at thesame or greater speed. A suitab e form of regulator for a inotor havingthis winding 1s shown in Fig. 8. Here the disk 14 Wh1ch forms a part ofthe armature and revolves with it, is loose upon shaft 11. The tor ue ofthe armature is imparted to said shaft y means of springs 24' which areattached at From point i the current will IlO ll's

, bination, with the field ma one end to said disk and at the other toarms 25, 26 rigidly secured tosaid shaft. Arranged concentrically withshaft 11 in such position that arms 25, 26' will pass over them are therows of contact points i and 9' above described. Said arms have uponthem suitable conductors, not shown, connecting them to the maincommutator segments e andfrcspectively. They correspond therefore to thearms :0 and shown in the diagrammatic view Fig. 9. T e contact points 'iand jare at the end of the row farthest ahead, considering the directionof rotation of the armature, indicated by the arrow Fig. 8Q

In the operation of the regulator when the load on the motor is light,and the backward drag of shaft 11 is least, spring 24 will be onlylightly strained and said arms will come to a balance over contactpoints i j but as the load increases, the shaft and arms thereon willdrag farther behind, thereby stretching the springs and causing the arms25 and 26'to slip back toward the end i and y" of the rows of contactpoints.

1. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination, with the field magnetsof an-arma ture winding having two kinds of connections, one aninvariable connection always including the same number of conductorturns and leading to the field magnets for exciting them, and the othera variable connection including a variable number of conductor turns fordelivering current to the load circuit.

2. In a dynamo electric machine, the comets of an armature winding havintwo 'nds of connections, one an invariable connection always includingthe same number of conductor turns and leading to the field magnets forexciting them, and the other a variable connection including a variablenumber of cond uctor turns for delivering current to the load circuitand means for varying the number of conductor turns in the armatureacting to deliver current to the load circuit. 1

3. In a dynamo electric machine,-the combination, with the field ma etsof an armature winding having two inds of connections, one an invariableconnection always including the same number of conductor turns andleading to the field magnets for exciting them, and the other a variableconnection including a variable number of conductor turns connected 'tothe exterior circuit, the number of turns acting upon the exteriorcircuit depending upon the speed of the dynamo-or the load of the motor,the greater the speed or'load the less the number of act-.

ing turns and vice versa. a

4. In a d namo electric machine, the combination, with the field magnetsof an armature winding having a main and an auxiliary coil connectedtogether in series, each 0011 comprising a plurality of turns of asuitable conductor; two kinds of connections to said armature winding,one an invariable connection always including all of the turns of bothmain and auxiliary coils, and the other a variable connection and alwaysincluding the principal coil and more or less of the auxiliary coil,depending respectively as the speed of the machine decreases orncreases, the invariable connection leading'to the field magnets forexciting them, and the variable connection leading to the load circuit,and means for varying said variable connection.

5. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination, with the field magnetsof an armature winding having a main and an auxiliary coil connectedtogether in series, each coil comprising a plurality of turns of asuitable conductor;.and two kinds of connections to said armaturewinding, one an invariable connection always including all of the turnsof both main and auxiliary coils, and the other a variable connectionand always including the principal coil and more or less of theauxiliary coil, depending respectively as the speed of the machinedecreases or increases, the invariable connection leading to the fieldmagnets for exciting them, and the variable connection and alwaysincludingthe principal coil and more or less of the auxiliary coil,depending respectively as the speed of the machine decreases orincreases, the invariable connection leading sto the field magnets forexciting them, and the variable connectionleading to the load circuitand an automatic governorfor varying said variable connection.

7. .In a dynamo electric machine, the combination, with the fieldmagnets of an armature winding having a main and an auxiliary coilconnected together in series, each coil too comprising a pluralityofturns of -a suitable conductor; two kinds of connections to saidarmature winding, one an invariable connection always including all ofthe turns of both main and auxiliary coils, and the other a variableconnection and always including the principal coil and more or less ofthe auxiliar coil, de ending respectively as the s eed o the macliinedecreases or increases, t e invariable connection leading to the fieldmagnets for exciting them, and the variable connection leading to theload circuit; and

a fly ball overnor for automatically varying said varia le conductor.

8. In a dynamo electric machine, the comone an invariable connectionalways including the same number of conductor turns and leading to theiield magnets ior exciting them, and the other a variable connectionincluding a variable number of conductor turns for delivering current tothe load circuit, said variable and invariable connections havingconductor turns in common.

9. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination,with the field magnets01' an armature winding having two kinds of connections, one aninvariable connection always including the same number of conductorturns and leading to the iield magnets ior exciting them, and the othera variable connection including a variable number of conductor turns fordelivering current to the load circuit, said variable and invariableconnections having conductor turns in common and said variableconnections always comprising a portion of said invariable connections.

10. A dynamo having a closed coil armature with a variable number ofturns constituting the main inducing coils, and auxiliary coils forexciting the fields.

1 1. A dynamo having a main commutator, connected to the main lineterminals, an auxiliary commutator connected to the" holdexciting coil aiixed number of armature turns in circuit with said auxiliarycommutator, and a variable number of armature turns in circuit with saidmain commutator.

12. A dynamo having field magnets, a

. main commutator whose brushes connect with the main line, terminals,an auxiliary commutator whose brushes connect with the field excitingcoil, an armature coil connected to the segments of'said auxiliarycommutator, and means for throwing more'or less of said armature coilinto connection with the segments of said main commutator. V

13. A dynamo having field magnets, a

main commutator, whose brushes connect with the main line terminals anauxiliary commutator whose brushes connect with the field exciting coil,an armature coil connected to the segments of said auxiliary commutator,and a centrifugal governor for throwing more or less of said armaturecoil into connection with the segments of said connected to the segmentsof said auxiliary commutator, and means for throwing more or less ofsaid armature coil into connection with the segments of said maincommutator,

15. A dynamo having iield magnets, a

main commutator, whose brushes connect with the main line terminals anauxiliary commutator whose brushes connect with the hold exciting coil,an armature 0011 connected to the segments of said auxiliary commutator,a row of contact points connected with diil'erent portions ofsaid'armature coil and a controller for connecting the main commutatorsegments with different ones of said contact points.

16. A dynamo having field ,magnets, a main commutator, whose brushesconnect with the main line terminals an auxiliary commutator whosebrushes connect with the lield exciting coil, an armature coil connectedto the segments of said auxiliary commutator, a row of contact pointsconnected with diil'erent portions of said armature coil, a controllerfor connecting the main commutator segments with diii'erent, ones ofsaid contact points and self operating means for operating saidcontroller.

17. A dynamo having field magnets, a main commutator, whose brushesconnect with the main line terminals an auxiliary commutator whosebrushes connect with the field exciting coil, an armature coil connectedto the segments of said auxiliary commutator, a row of contact pointsconnected with diii'erent portions of said armature coil, a controllerfor connecting the main commutator segments with different ones of saidcontact points, a controller for connecting the -main commutatorsegments with difl'erent ones of said contact points, and a centrifugaldevice for operating said controller.

18. A constant potential, variable speed electric generator having a sinle armature consisting of main coils and ad itienal turns of conductorconnected to the end of each of said main coils an exciting coil inseries with the main coils and all of their additional turns, and loadbrushes adapted to be con nected in series with all of-said mainarmature coils and a varying. number of said additional coils.

19. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination, with the fieldmagnets of an armature winding having a main and an auxiliary coilconnected together in series, each coil com rising a plurality of turnsof a suit able con uctor; and twokinds of connections to said armaturewindin one an invariable connection always inclu ing all of the turns ofboth main and auxiliary coils, and the other a variable connection andalways including the principal coil and more or less of the auxiliarycoil, and a governor for controlling the variable connection.

20. Ina dynamo electric machine, a main and an auxiliarycc mmutator, anexciting coil connected to said auxiliary commutator, and armature coilsconnected in series with said auxiliary commutator, a portion of saidarmature coils being connected in parallel between different segments ofsaid main commutator.

21. In a dynamo electric machine a main and an auxiliary commutator, andarmature coils connected in series with said auxiliary commutator, avariable amount of said armature coils being connected in parallelbetween different segments of said main commutator and an exciting coilconnected to said auxiliary commutator.

22. In a dynamo electric machine a main and an auxiliary commutator,armature coils connected in. series with said auxiliary commutator and avariable amount of said armature coils being connected in parallelbetween different segments of said main commutator, an excltlng coilconnected to said auxiliary commutator and means for varying the amountof said armature which is in parallel between the segments of the maincommutator.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto. subscribed my name in the presenceof two witnesses.

JOSEPH R. WESZELINOVITS.

Witnesses:

HOWARD M. Cox, CLARA J. CIIRIS'IOFFEL.

